Foreign investors in Indonesia must register for VAT once their annual turnover exceeds IDR 4.8 billion (US$300,000). After registration, all VAT invoices must be issued and validated through the e‑Faktur system, with monthly reporting and reconciliation required. Non‑compliant invoices and inconsistencies between invoices, returns, and accounting records can trigger audits and penalties.

North Macedonia has begun the pilot testing phase of its new e-invoice system, e‑Faktura, on 5 January 2026. The state‑owned platform will allow real‑time, direct communication between businesses and the tax authority, with test invoices having no legal effect. The rollout will include a client application by the end of Q1 2026, a production server by the end of Q2 2026, and mandatory adoption from Q3 2026.

Malaysia’s Inland Revenue Board (IRBM) has issued several updates to its e‑invoicing guidelines, expanding the use of consolidated invoices for construction materials, extending grace periods for small businesses, and tightening rules for electricity and telecom services. Full compliance is now required by 1 July 2026, with a phased roll‑out schedule and mandatory UBL 2.1 XML/JSON format, digital signatures, and a seven‑year archiving period.

Bulgaria has amended its VAT Act to introduce new regimes for goods supplied with installation by EU suppliers and for small enterprises, effective 1 January 2026. The changes remove the reverse‑charge obligation for goods assembled or installed by EU‑based foreign suppliers and establish two special schemes for small businesses to align with the EU VAT Directive.

Japan’s ruling coalition agreed in December 2025 to an outline of 2026 tax reform proposals covering corporate, international, consumption, and individual tax. The proposals include amendments to Pillar Two global minimum tax rules and new measures for consumption tax, R&D credits, and domestic production incentives. The outline is indicative and subject to legislative approval.